In practice

The last drops of the thunder-shower had hardly ceased falling when the pedestrian stuffed his map into his pocket, settled his pack more comfortably on his tired shoulders, and stepped out from the shelter of a large chestnut tree into the middle of the road. A violent yellow sunset was pouring through a rift in the clouds to westward, but straight ahead over the hills the sky was the colour of dark slate. Every tree and blade of grass was dripping, and the road shone like a river.

The - definite article
last - adjective, modifying "drops"
drops - plural countable noun, subject of main clause

of - preposition, an adjunct of "drops"
the - definite article
thunder-shower - hyphenated singular countable compound noun, complement of "of"

had - auxiliary, followed by a past participle, used to form the past perfect tenses
hardly - adverb of measure
ceased - past participle, forming with "had" a pluperfect indicative active transitive verb
falling - gerund, intransitive

when - conjunction of time, introducing correlative clause

the - definite article
pedestrian - singular noun, subject
stuffed - verb, simple past indicative active transitive
his - possessive adjective, referring to the pedestrian
map - singular countable noun, object of "stuffed"
usually also requires "into" or "with"

into - preposition, towards the inside of, an adjunct of "stuffed"
his - possessive adjective, referring to the pedestrian
pocket - singular countable noun, complement of "into"

comma - separates co-ordinated clauses, when not the final pair

settled - verb, simple past indicative active transitive
his - possessive adjective, referring to the pedestrian
pack - singular countable noun, object of "settled"

more - forms the comparative of adverbs (and adjectives)
comfortably - comparative adverb of manner (referring to the pack not to the settling, also refers indirectly to "tired")

on - preposition (positioned at), adjunct of "pack"
his - possessive adjective, referring to the pedestrian
tired - attributive adjective
shoulders - plural countable noun, complement of "on"

and - cumulative conjunction, separates non-contrasting co-ordinated clauses

stepped - verb, simple past indicative active intransitive
out - adverb of position, away

from - preposition, adjunct of "out"
the - definite article
shelter - singular uncountable noun, complement of "from"

of - preposition, belonging to, adjunct of "shelter"
a - indefinite article, any indefinite example of
large - adjective of size, modifying "tree"
chestnut - adjective of type, modifying "tree"
tree - singular countable noun, complement of "of"

into - preposition, adjunct of "stepped"
the - definite article
middle - singular uncountable noun, complement of "into"

of - preposition, adjunct of "middle"
the - definite article
road - singular countable noun, complement of "of"